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What is a lateral flow test and the way does the technology work?
Lateral flow tests have turn into synonymous with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Nonetheless, lateral flow technology has been existence lengthy before COVID. Due to this fact, totally different business sectors and different international locations use various terminology to describe what lateral flow tests are.
So, what's a lateral flow immunoassay? Basically, it is a simple to make use of diagnostic device used to confirm the presence or absence of a goal analyte, equivalent to pathogens or biomarkers in humans or animals, or contaminants in water supplies, foodstuffs, or animal feeds. The most commonly known type of lateral flow speedy test strip is the pregnancy test.
LFAs typically comprise a management line to confirm the test is working properly, alongside with one or more goal or test lines. They're designed to incorporate intuitive person protocols and require minimal training to operate. They are often qualitative and read visually, or provide data when mixed with reader technology.
Lateral flow tests are widely across many industries for level of care testing. They are often performed by professionals, trained lay customers or a patient, and in a range of settings together with the laboratory, clinic or home. In the medical diagnostic business, there are strict regulatory necessities which should be adhered to for all products.
As a result of their versatile nature, lateral flow speedy tests are used throughout a number of different industry sectors together with pharma, environmental testing, animal health, food and feed testing, and plant and crop health.
HOW DOES A LATERAL FLOW TEST WORK?
LFDs use immunoassay technology utilizing nitrocellulose membrane, coloured nanoparticles (or labels), and typically antibodies, to produce results.
When a pattern is added, the sample will flow along the test device passing via the conjugate pad into the nitrocellulose membrane and then onto the absorbent pad.
The sample pad acts as the first stage of the absorption process, and in some cases incorporates a filter, to ensure the accurate and managed flow of the sample.
The conjugate pad, which stores the conjugated labels and antibodies, will obtain the sample. If the target is present, the immobilised conjugated antibodies and labels will bind to the goal and proceed to migrate along the test.
Because the pattern moves along the gadget the binding reagents situated on the nitrocellulose membrane will bind to the goal at the test line. A coloured line will form and the density of the road will vary depending on the quantity of the goal present. Some targets could require quantification to determine goal concentration. This is where a fast test could be combined with a reader to provide quantitative results.
The sample will pass via the nitrocellulose membrane into the absorbent pad. The absorbent pad will take up the excess sample. The specification of the absorbent pad will have an impact on the amount of pattern the test can incorporate.
Lateral flow assays might be developed for use in a dipstick format or in a housed cassette. Both dipsticks and housed tests will work in an identical way, it is just dependent on the industry, pattern matrix, and the market requirement, as to which format is suitable.
Sandwich assays – A positive test is represented by the presence of a coloured line at the test line position.
Competitive assays – A positive test is represented by the absence of a coloured line on the test line position.
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